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Jē Gaex Hmai Lāi /
Ceukaux Mhai: Lai |
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标点符号 Biāodiǎn Fúhào |
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Wa Terms for
Punctuation Marks and Mathematical Symbols |
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Symbol |
Wa-CN |
Wa-MM |
Lit. meaning |
Burmese |
Chinese |
Chn. pinyin |
English |
Punctuation
marks |
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. |
hmai uig mgūm
loux (VH), hmai ndūd ? (VM) |
mhai: uik gumlox
(VH), mhai: dud ? (VM) |
complete phrase,
break |
ပုဒ္မ |
句号 |
jùhào |
full stop (U.K.)
period (U.S.) |
, |
hmai laex loux
(VH), hmai laex (VM) |
mhai: laux lox
(VH) mhai: laux (VM) |
arrange in
series, pause |
ပုဒ္ထီး |
逗号 |
dòuhào |
comma |
、 |
hmai ndia loux
(VH) (hmai laex) (VM) |
mhai: dia: lox
(VH) (mhai: laux) (VM) |
arrange in
series (pause) |
ပုဒ္ထီး |
顿号 |
dùnhào |
series comma
(only used in Wa-CN orthography) |
; |
hmai mgūah (VH),
hmai laex dīx vūd (VM) |
mhai: gwuah
(mhai: gwieh) (VH), mhai: laux tix vud (VM) |
divide, pause a
while |
(;) ပံု အဖတ္အရပ္ သေကတ။ |
分号 |
fēnhào |
semicolon |
: |
hmai si mōd loux
(VH), hmai hlaong loux, hmai vēui (VM), hmai hlaong loux (VM) |
mhai: simawd lox
(VH) mhai: lhaong: lox, mhai: voe (VM), mhai: lhaong: lox (VM) |
mention topic,
long sound, first? |
အဂလိပ္စာေရးရာ၊
ပံုိပ္ရာ၌ အသံုးပ ေသာ (:) အမတ္အသား။ |
冒号 |
màohào |
colon |
? |
hmai qog |
mhai: chawk |
ask |
ေမးခန္းအမတ္အသား |
问号 |
wènhào |
question mark |
! |
hmai yaoh (VH),
hmai am (VM) |
mhai: yaoh (VH),
mhai: am: (VM) |
surprise |
အာေမိတ္အမတ္အသား |
惊叹号 |
jīngtànhào |
exclamation mark,
exclamation point |
- |
hmai doui loux
(VH), hmai gleg (VM) |
mhai: toe: lox
(VH), mhai: kleuk (VM) |
connect speech,
combine |
စကားဆက္အမတ္အသား၊
တုံး၊ တုံးတို |
连接号 |
liánjiēhào |
hyphen |
-- |
hmai rīeb loux
si ndong (VH), (hmai) gleg (VM) |
mhai: rieb lox
sidawng: (VH) mhai: kleuk (VM) |
greet speech
clearly (?), combine |
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破折号 |
pòzhéhào |
dash |
" |
hmai sīao loux
(VH) |
mhai: shiao lox
(VH) |
use speech |
မက္ေတာင္ဖင့္
မက္ေတာင္ပိတ္ (ကိုးကားေဖာ္ပေသာအမတ္အသား) |
引号 |
yǐnhào |
quotation mark |
“ |
hmai baoh (VM) |
mhai: paoh (VM) |
open |
မက္ေတာင္ဖင့္ |
引号 |
yǐnhào |
open quotation
mark |
” |
hmai ngeeb (sic
-> nyeeb ?) (VM) |
mhai: ngeep (sic
-> nyeep ?) (VM) |
close |
မက္ေတာင္ပိတ္ |
引号 |
yǐnhào |
close quotation
mark |
… |
hmai ndūan loux |
mhai: dwan lox |
economise, save
speech |
စာခန္မတ္ |
省略号 |
shěnglüehào |
ellipsis mark |
( ) |
hmai krod loux |
mhai: khrawt lox
(VH), mhai: kriem (VM) |
bind/tie
together/include speech, ? |
ကင္း |
括号 |
kuòhào |
parentheses |
[ ] |
hmai roub (rōub
?) |
mhai: rop (sic
-> rob ?) |
connect speech,
combine |
ေလးေထာင့္ကင္း |
方括号 |
fāngkuòhào |
square brackets |
{ } |
hmai rōum |
mhai: rom |
gather, group |
တန့္ကင္း |
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braces, curly
brackets |
《 》 |
hmai jē gaex lāi |
mhai: ceukaux
lai |
book name |
စာအုပ္အမည္ |
书名号 |
shūmínghào |
book-title marks,
guillemets |
• |
hmai ndud ? |
mhai: dud ? |
break |
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间隔号、圆点 |
jiāngéhào,
yuándiǎn |
bullet, middle
dot |
Mathematical
symbols |
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+ |
(hmai) gleg |
(mhai:) kleuk |
combine, add |
အေပင္းလကဏာ |
加号 |
jiāhào |
plus, addition
sign |
- |
(hmai) dig |
(mhai:) tik |
remove, subtract |
အုတ္လကဏာ |
减号 |
jiǎnhào |
minus,
subtraction sign |
x |
(hmai) nkaog |
(mhai:) ghaok |
invite ? |
အေမာက္လကဏာ |
乘号 |
chénghào |
multiplied by,
multiplication sign |
÷ |
(hmai) ih |
(mhai:) ih |
eat, etc? |
အစားလကဏာ |
除号 |
chúhào |
divided by,
division sign |
= |
hmai si ndū |
mhai: sidu |
equal |
ညီမခင္း |
等号 |
děnghào |
equals |
> |
(hmai) nīe kaing bāox dix |
(mhai:) nie
khaing paox tix |
greater than |
အကီး |
大于号 |
dàyúhào |
greater than |
< |
(hmai) yōm kaing bāox dix |
(mhai:) yawm
khaing paox tix |
less than |
အငယ္ |
小于号 |
xiǎoyúhào |
less than |
≠ |
(hmai) ang si ndū |
(mhai:) ang sidu |
not equal |
မညီမခင္း |
不等号 |
bùděnghào |
not equal to |
(a),@,(@) |
(hmai) pan ang
mōh nan |
(mhai:) phan ang
mawh nan |
if not be like
that, [then]? |
သုိမဟုတ္ (သို) |
(或者,要不然?) |
(huòzhě, yàobùrán) |
or |
Phonetics
terms |
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ngai lāi
mīex, mīex ngai lāi, mīex lāi (VM), fu ying (VH) |
ngai: lai miex,
miex ngai: lai, miex lai (VM), fu: ying: (VH) |
mother letters |
ဗည္း |
辅音,声母 |
fǔyīn, shēngmǔ |
consonant,
initial |
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ngai lāi gon,
gon ngai lāi, gon lāi (VM), ying ying (VH) |
ngai: lai kawn:,
kawn: ngai: lai, kawn: lai (VM), ying: ying: (VH) |
child letters |
သရ |
元音,韵母 |
yuányīn, yùnmǔ |
vowel, final |
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ngai lāi num
loux, lāi loux (VM) |
ngai: lai num:
lox, lai lox (VM) |
basic sound
letters, sounding letters |
သရသံ |
元音,二合元音 |
yuányīn, èrhé
yuányīn |
vowel, diphthong)
(e.g., a, ai, oi) |
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lāi mīex (VH),
ngai lāi num njāeh (VM?) |
lai miex (VH),
ngai: lai num: jah (VM?) |
mother letters |
အသံထက္အစ |
声母 |
shēngmǔ |
syllable initial
(e.g., s-, zh-, g-) |
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lāi gon (VH) |
lai kawn: (VH) |
child letters |
အသံထက္အဆုံး |
韵母 |
yùnmǔ |
syllable final
(e.g., -ie, -un, -ang) |
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ngai lāi dad
loux, ngai lāi nyeeb loux (VM) |
ngai: lai tat
lox, ngai: lai nyeep lox (VM) |
letters for
cut-off sounds, letters for closing sounds |
အပိတ္ဗည္း |
塞音与鼻音 |
sàiyīn yǔ bíyīn |
stop (obstruent)
and nasal consonants (e.g., k,t,p,h,x,g,d,b,ng,n,m (VM) |
ā (VH) |
loux lang (VM),
loux ba on (vs. loux ba gian) |
lox lang: (VM),
lox pa awn: (vs. lox pa kiien:) (VH) |
long sound (VM),
soft sound (VH) |
ာေခင္းသံ [ ] |
长音, 松音 |
chángyīn, sōngyīn |
long sound
(breathy/lax syllable) |
ah |
loux ndōd |
lox dawd |
short sound |
သံတုိ |
短音 |
duǎnyīn |
short sound |
ax |
loux ndūd |
lox dud |
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သံပတ္ |
断音 |
duànyīn |
cut-off sound |
a: (VM) |
loux hlaong
(VM), loux ba gian (vs. loux ba on) (VH) |
lox lhaong:
(VM), lox pa kiien: (vs. loux pa awn:) (VH) |
high sound (VM),
hard sound (VH) |
သံမင့္ [ ] |
高音,硬音 (紧音) |
gāoyīn, yìngyīn
(jǐnyīn) |
high sound, hard
sound (clear/tense syllable) |
k,t,p,h,x |
loux
dad |
lox tat |
cut-off sound |
အေဃာသ |
清塞音 |
qīngsàiyīn |
cut-off sound
(unvoiced stops) |
g,b,d |
loux dīam |
lox tiem (lox
tiiem) |
low sound |
ေဃာသ |
浊塞音 |
zhuósàiyīn |
low sound (voiced
stops) |
ng,n,m |
loux om |
lox awm: |
covered,
muffled? sound |
ာေခင္းသံ |
鼻音 |
bíyīn |
covered (?) sound
(nasal consonants) |
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Rev. 2006-03-16 rak |
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